365edu: IP routing and root servers

Networking Topics

o	Introduction Networking
o	Introduction Network Communication Devices
o	Introduction to Network Security
o	Overview of Computer Network Topology
o	Introduction To Certifications
o	What is Ethernet ?
o	Router Commands Overview
o	IP Commands
o	WAN Configurations Commands
o	How to connect two computers wirelessly
o	Introduction to ISDN Line
o	Introduction to VOIP Network
o	What is a Web Server?
o	Introduction to Internet Fax Services
o	What is a Internet Fax
o	What is GSM ?
o	What is Network Routing
o	Software Configuration
o	An Overview of the Wireless Networking
o	Introduction to PC Components
o	Introduction to Mobile Technology and Communication Reviews
o	Introduction to Switched Network
o	ATM Network Technology
o	Networking Methods
o	What is DNS
o	IP routing and root servers
o	DHCP Overview
o	Introduction to Network Cables
o	IP Addressing
o	How to Recover the Lost Files?
o	What is Web Conferencing
o	Setting up Print Server in Windows 2000 ?
o	Client Computer Configuration
o	Windows 2000 Server Installation Overview
o	What is a Proxy Server?

IP routing and root servers

The domain lookups go to and from the root servers because main routers on the internet, ISPs and backbones have the list that where to find it.

Domains Description

.edu This domain name is used by the educational institutes like colleges and universities
.com This domain name is used by the commercial institutes/organizations and companies.
.Org This domain is used by the non-commercial organizations.
.net Administrative hosts, gateways and other networks.
.mil This is used by the U.S. military institutions.
.Gov This is used by the government institutes.
.info Used by the Informative sites.

There is a common question that how large is the internet and how Domain name server works. Domain name server simply provides mapping between hostnames and the IP addresses. When you dial in your ISP number and access it how does it get the answer in the form of requested domain name for you. It’s most likely that ISP may not have stored the information (requested site). In this case first the ISP server will send the query to the root-servers. These are the set of very high-powered servers that know all about the top level domains like .com, .org, .net, .info and all the country domains.

So, the ISP’s name server first contact with the root-servers. If the root-servers don’t have the requested information then redirect the request to the GTLD servers for any kind of top level domain and the answers come back to the ISP’s name servers with the requested information. At each step, ISP’s name server caching all the information. The Domain name server is central to the internet because without a domain name systems (DNS) its impossible to communication on the internet.